Erothanatos: A Peer-Reviewed Quarterly Journal on Literature
Erothanatos is an interdisciplinary, double-blind peer-reviewed literary journal that explores the intersections of literature, philosophy, cultural studies, and critical theory. Established with a vision to foreground voices that challenge conventional narratives, the journal is committed to publishing original, thought-provoking scholarship that delves into the complexities of human experience, artistic expression, and socio-political realities.
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Anne Brontë’s Agnes Grey and Helen Huntingdon
A closer reading of Anne Brontë’s two novels Agnes Grey (1847) and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) reveals a clearly feminist sub-text, which displays a variety of Brontë’s concerns about how the home becomes a site of imprisonment for both her heroines, Agnes and Helen, rather than the safe, nurturing space upheld by Victorian society. This paper examines how Anne Brontë, writing in the nineteenth-century Victorian era, challenges the doctrine of the ‘separate spheres’ prevalent at that time, the period’s most ingenious mechanism for restraining insurgent women, by depicting the struggle by the passionate, intellectual, and strong-minded heroines of her two novels, Agnes Grey and Helen Huntingdon, to achieve economic autonomy and thereby script their own identities. This paper takes into account British feminist and historian Alice Clark’s investigation into the impact of industrialization on women’s work in reducing the choice of independent occupations for women and explores how both Agnes and Helen, confined at home, take the crucial decision to step out into the public arena, to earn a living for themselves and for their family, and as a result, they lead a happier, fulfilling life.
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This essay-fiction hybrid explores the fragility of memory in an age where recollections are digitized, commodified, and exchanged. Through the character of Eliot, a disillusioned artist navigating neon-lit cities and memory markets, the narrative interrogates the tension between authenticity and simulation. The story reveals how borrowed experiences, while offering inspiration and emotional intensity, simultaneously erode individuality and blur the boundaries of selfhood. The underground collective led by Mira—the guardian of memory—presents an alternative where truth is exchanged rather than fabricated, underscoring both the transformative and perilous nature of shared memories. Ultimately, Eliot’s journey from dependence on curated fragments to rediscovery of his own raw experiences foregrounds the importance of authenticity in human expression. The piece becomes a meditation on identity, creativity, and the existential stakes of memory in a hyper-digitalized society.
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This essay examines the complex relationship between aura, memory, and cultural preservation, interrogating whether the essence of a person or place endures beyond death and historical shifts. Drawing on examples such as Ramkrishna’s Dakshineswar temple, the ruins of Pompeii, Jallianwala Bagh, Gandhi’s Sabarmati Ashram, and literary figures like Jonathan Swift, the study highlights how aura—an intangible residue of lived experience—undergoes transformation or erosion through memory, commercialization, and institutional mediation. The essay explores how capitalist structures commodify aura, turning spaces of historical or spiritual significance into tourist destinations, thereby alienating them from their original essence. At the same time, it acknowledges how creative works preserve the aura of misanthropic or isolated individuals, embedding their presence in art and literature. Framed through Walter Benjamin’s theory of mechanical reproduction, Frye’s archetypal criticism, and Badal Sircar’s reflections on repetition, the essay contends that aura becomes both currency and myth in late capitalist societies. Ultimately, it raises critical questions about authenticity, memory, and the politics of cultural preservation in negotiating tradition and modernity.
Charles Rice-González’s Chulito (2011) destabilises traditional masculine stereotypes by exploring ethnicity, sexuality, and spatial identity. The novel centres around a teen from the Bronx who struggles with the cultural expectations of Latino masculinity that often marginalise queerness. The novel emphasises the protagonist’s need for authentic self-expression, which comes into conflict with heteronormative expectations, especially those rooted in spaces shaped by ethnic identity. Racial exclusion is seen in gay spaces, while Latino communities continue to often display deep-seated homophobic attitudes. Chulito’s transformation from internalised denial to bold resistance reflects the psychological and societal pressures masculinity norms place on queer Latino adolescents. This study contributes meaningfully to the discourse on intersectionality within queer ethnic young adult literature.
When discussing Palestine, one cannot overlook the profound realities of displacement, exile, and the struggle to preserve identity. Mornings in Jenin by Susan Abulhawa offers an intimate and powerful portrayal of this struggle, encapsulating what it means to be Palestinian. The novel explores the intergenerational effects of displacement, where each character’s experiences shift across generations yet remain rooted in shared pain and hope. This paper explores the life of Amal, focusing on her journey after the Nakba, the devastating expulsion of Palestinians in 1948 and how this trauma shapes her identity as a displaced individual. Amal’s role as a mother in exile highlights the ongoing struggles of Palestinian women, who carry a broken past while trying to create stability. The study also examines how Israeli operations impact individual and collective Palestinian experiences. Through Amal’s story, Mornings in Jenin becomes a powerful reflection of resistance and the enduring struggle to maintain identity.
Using Pop Culture and Film to Teach Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
This paper explores the innovative use of pop culture—particularly film and television—as a pedagogical tool for teaching Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). By analyzing familiar narratives through a CBT lens, learners can observe key concepts such as cognitive distortions, automatic thoughts, and behavioral patterns in action. Films like Inside Out, Good Will Hunting, and Groundhog Day vividly depict core CBT principles, enabling students to engage with psychological content in an emotionally resonant and accessible manner. This media-based approach supports experiential learning, enhances empathy, and facilitates the application of theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts. Moreover, it promotes cultural sensitivity and clinical reasoning through reflective and interactive activities such as scene analysis, role-play, and cognitive restructuring exercises. The integration of narrative media into CBT education represents a valuable, inclusive strategy that bridges the gap between abstract theory and therapeutic practice, enriching both academic instruction and clinical training.
Nora’s Escape from Spatial Politics and Domestic Entrapment in A Doll’s House
This paper explores the theme of spatial politics and domestic entrapment in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House. Through the symbolic stage setting and character dynamics of the Helmer household, Ibsen presents a critique of women’s confinement. Nora lives in a socio-politically curated domestic space, which reflects patriarchal control. Her eventual rebellion, symbolized by her exit slamming of the gate marks her realization of the heterotopic space in which she does not belong to.
Rootlessness and Existential Uncertainty
Syed Waliullah’s novel Tree Without Roots (1967), originally his own Bengali novel Lal Salu (1948) is an existentialist literature. In this novel, Waliullah examines an inner problem of the human mind, namely the existential crisis suffered by marginalized people. He shows how Majeed, the protagonist of this novel, suffers from an existential crisis and acute isolation. The readers are introduced to the ins and outs of Majeed’s character through the prolonged descriptions of what happened in his inner mind and outer world. Along with Majeed, we also discover other characters like Rahima, Amena, Khaleque, Kulsum, Tara Mian, and the poor villagers who have suffered from existential crises on different occasions. The themes of rootlessness and uncertainty of life are illustrated in this novel with different characters and incidents. In this study, we will try to explore how they suffered from an existential crisis and how it shaped their personality, life, and destiny.
Nature and Socio-Cultural Values in the Select Poems of T. Senka Ao’s Süngti Berem (The Still Pearl)
In a society that is basically tradition-oriented, most of the indigenous writers from Nagaland have employed literature to explore the experiences of their world using the medium of their rich cultural heritage. The current paper will be an analysis of T. Senka Ao’s latest poetry collection entitled Sungti Berem (The Still Pearl) published in 2018. This collection of poetry forays into varied themes dealing with nature, memories especially reminiscences of childhood, the concept of religion dealing with sin and grace, myths and tradition, preoccupation with mortality, death and others. This collection of poetry has a universal appeal and is thought-provoking presenting a gamut of human emotions but yet rooted in tradition. Since no critical research has yet been done on this particular book, this paper will be helpful to future researchers on this subject.
Identity and Belonging in Adib Khan’s Seasonal Adjustment
Seasonal Adjustments is the debut novel of the Bangladeshi-Australian writer Adib Khan. The novel introduces a migrant, Iqbal Chowdhury, who returns his homeland after eighteen years of living in Australia and encapsulates the journey from the moment of his returning home to final resolution to go back to Australia. However, while sketching the journey Khan concentrates on the multilayered conflicts that Iqbal faces following his absence for a long time and shows how belonging to two states simultaneously results in no belonging at all. He also points out how the protagonist fails to anchor his identity in both home and abroad. Being a diaspora writer himself, the author achieves a new perspective through which he plunges into the mental landscape of Iqbal and portrays the internal crisis that continuously battled within his mind. Through examining the dilemmas and confusion that Iqbal goes through in his homeland, this paper attempts to shed light on the identity crisis and lack of belonging that a migrant faces while visiting home.
Tracing the Violated Identities of Women
This paper will attempt to explore the concept of the female body being used as a site of violence in Manto’s Khol Do and Szeman’s The Kommandant’s Mistress. The texts refer to the two canonical genocides of human history – the Partition (1947) and the Holocaust. This comparative study delves into the psyche of two different communities from two different parts of the world tied with the same string of trauma and loss. The fragmented memory caused by the recurring nature of trauma in women due to sexual atrocities committed upon them and the subsequent silence and repression of emotions will be nuanced within this paper, deriving from Freud’s work on Hysteria, stating that traumatic experiences can cause psychological disturbances. Based on Caruth’s theory of Belatedness, this paper will examine and highlight the recurring nature of trauma and the altered identities of the two rape victims.
Literature serves a broader purpose than simply appealing to a specific type of reader. It is a rich and diverse collection of words that can impact individuals in various ways. While children's literature is often associated with young audiences, it is not limited to children. In fact, it can resonate with anyone seeking to reconnect with the innocence and wonder of childhood. For adults, in particular, children's literature offers a way to reignite a sense of joy, creativity, and imagination that may have faded over time. The value of children's literature extends beyond mere entertainment; it plays a vital role in nurturing emotional and cognitive development. This article aims to explore the many reasons why children's literature is essential, with a focus on its contribution to the holistic development and well-being of students, making it an invaluable educational tool, covering stories, poems and books.
Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is tinged with prominent detective elements. The supposed detective of the novel, Utterson navigates through the incidents of the crime, the investigation, and the unravelling of the truth. In doing so he embodies some traits of the detective but ultimately fails to be an ideal one. This article argues that the failure of Utterson as a detective is the result of the conflicting interests of Utterson the detective and Utterson the lawyer. The article also questions the notion of whether the author intended to write a detective story in the first place.
This paper explores the refunctioning of myth in nineteenth-century Bengal through the works of Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1824–1873), one of the most radical figures of the Bengal Renaissance. It argues that Dutt’s literary project can be understood as a form of militant classicism — a poetics that simultaneously reveres classical form while destabilising canonical hierarchies. By appropriating Miltonic blank verse and epic conventions, Dutt reimagined sacred narratives from the Ramayana and beyond, elevating demonised figures like Meghnad and giving voice to heroines such as Pramila and Krishna Kumari. These revisions reveal myth’s dual capacity to sustain and unsettle authority, while also exposing the tensions of colonial modernity, religious reform, and gender politics. The paper traces Dutt’s experiments across epic, tragedy, lyric, and satire, showing how myth became a medium through which cultural identity, sovereignty, and female agency were negotiated. Reception history is examined to highlight how his works provoked devotional anxieties, inspired nationalist reinterpretations, and continue to invite feminist and postcolonial readings. In foregrounding Dutt’s militant classicism, the paper contributes to larger debates on myth as a living form — not a static inheritance but a contested and generative idiom of cultural politics in colonial Bengal.
Lack of Emotional Intelligence Causing the Familial Disaster in D. H. Lawrence’s Sons and Lovers
Love, responsibility, respect, and trust are generally considered the most important factors to make a marriage successful. But emotional intelligence is a factor also in making an individual successful not only in the workplace but in familial relationships as well. In D. H. Lawrence’s epoch-making novel, Sons and Lovers disastrous marital relationship between Walter Morel and Gertrude Morel is emphasised throughout the novel and the male partner has generally been held responsible for the said disaster. However, a careful study of the text and the analysis of the characters, especially, Mrs Morel and Mr Morel will reveal that it is not Mr Morel only but Gertrude also who is responsible for the failure. As Walter fails to understand Gertrude, so does Gertrude.
Redefining Contemporaneity: Seeing the Tradition as the New Contemporary
Music undergoes significant expressional changes owing to the parallel changes in the time it belongs to as art adapts itself to the changing time. Such developments are reflected directly in its expressions. It can be assumed, that the impact of the social changes making art look ‘relevant’ or ‘contemporary’ seemingly contributes to the perpetuation of art. The difference of times apposes the binary of tradition and contemporaneity to the further binaries of old and new. When the individual talent rises as part of both tradition and the contemporary, tradition after a point itself becomes contemporized. This paper aims to elucidate the various aspects of the coexistence of tradition and contemporaneity in Indian classical music and Rabindrasangeet. The paper also aims to discuss the contemporary time necessitating a change in art, the presence of tradition in contemporaneity, and the acceptance of tradition as the new contemporary.
‘Wounded-Breast’ Stories: Re-Inking Lactating Woman as an Immutable Abject Self in Select Tribal Folktales
The ‘bodies’ in tribal folktales do not adhere to the value system and the hidden boundaries set by society. Verrier Elwin appreciated the fictional quality of such tales from Central India and anthologised them without attempts to moralize. He incorporated tales on vagina dentata, penis, clitoris, naval, and breast motifs in one of those anthologies. This article re-reads the tribal folktales of lactating women and their breasts through the lens of Julia Kristeva’s abjection. It analyzes the female body, traversing from tamed to abject, non-confirmative self, through a close reading of the texts with the breast motif as a literary device. There are multifaceted breasts with fluid characters: empathetic caregivers, assaulted, wounded, dead, and living corpses, but all oversized. They appear as abject, challenging the notion of naïve and appealing female bodies. Men in these tales fear the existence of breasts and their potential to engulf masculinity. Men try to make breasts desirable by wounding them and chopping them off mercilessly. The breasts surpass the tortures and continue to carry their ‘fluidity,’ milking sour odours and transforming into creations like pumpkins that quench thirst. They do not limit themselves to a sweet, nourishing breast but refashion a fierce, wounded, bleeding, yet lactating one.
Echoes of Home: Exploring Identity in Manjushree Thapa’s The Tutor of History
This paper explores the intricate dynamics of identity and belonging within the context of a strife-ridden Nepal of nineteen-ninety one, as illustrated in Manjushree Thapa’s novel The Tutor of History (2001). The narrative centers around Rishi Parajuli, a Nepali man who is internally dispersed and who struggles hard to grapple with his sense of selfhood and identity amid the disorienting realities of power games, corruption and loss. The character of Binita also stands out as a foil to Rishi and as one who challenges the male dominated space of belonging to build her own identity on her own terms. The paper highlights the different characters’ constant struggles with their particular Nepali origins, familial ties and the surrounding complications as well as the broader socio-political upheaval in Nepal, particularly during the Maoist rebellion. It successfully utilizes the Foucauldian concept of space as discussed in the article entitled “Of Other Spaces: Utopias and Heterotopias” (1984) to discuss the events at Khaireni Tar, Kathmandu. The place objectifies a moving space of which the characters will always remain an inextricable part no matter where they go in future. The event of ‘election’ in the text also plays a vital role. It brings all the characters together for a cause and makes them inhabit, in Foucauldian terms, a “floating piece of space”, a postmodern space, and this is modern Nepal like any budding nation searching for stability that is a never ending process.
Navigating Nostalgia and Identity: The Psychological Impact of Racism on Women Living Abroad and the Healing Power of Italian Women's Literature
This article explores the healing power of nostalgia in Italian women's literature and its possible and tangible profound impact on immigrant women. By examining works from renowned authors like Elsa Morante, Natalia Ginzburg, Anna Maria Ortese, Dacia Maraini, and Elena Ferrante, the study highlights how these narratives offer comfort, validation, and a sense of cultural connection. These stories, rich with reflections on personal and family histories, provide a deep exploration of identity, resilience, and the emotional complexities experienced by women dealing with cultural displacement. The article underscores how literature, imbued with nostalgic elements, can transform the immigrant experience, offering solace and fostering a deeper understanding of one's heritage and self.
Transgender in Indian Context: Rights and Activism by Dipak Giri
This essay reflects on the dynamic relationship between the creator and the critic, emphasizing the inherent tensions, limitations, and responsibilities in both roles. The creator often emerges as a figure of freedom, ego, and imaginative spontaneity, drawing from personal experience, heritage, and culture to shape art. However, this freedom risks distortion when truth is replaced by embellishment. The critic, on the other hand, functions as a mediator who interprets, evaluates, and at times challenges the creator’s work, requiring deep insight, cultural awareness, and ethical judgment. The paper underscores how creation is a complex, unpredictable process rooted in human flaws, while criticism demands restraint, objectivity, and comprehensive knowledge across disciplines. Ultimately, both creator and critic contribute to the evolution of literature and art, with readers serving as essential participants in determining meaning and value.
Translating Pudhumaipithan—Dialects and Dialogues
This paper examines the role of dialects in Pudhumaipithan’s short stories and the challenges of translating them into English. Pudhumaipithan, a pioneer in using the Tirunelveli dialect in Tamil literature, blended colloquial and classical language to produce socially critical and satirical narratives. Through the lens of Sociolinguistics, the study analyses how dialectal features—such as kinship terms, pronunciation shifts, honorifics, idiomatic expressions, and proverbs—convey socio-cultural identity but resist direct translation. Issues of lexical, cultural, and structural untranslatability are highlighted, showing how translation often alters tone, style, and context. By focusing on the short story Paalvannam Pillai, the paper demonstrates how dialect situates characters within specific social and cultural frameworks while also complicating the translator’s task. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that dialect not only enriches literature but also reveals sociocultural nuances, making translation both a challenge and an opportunity to expand literary and cultural understanding.
Article with Translation of Indian Texts
The essay explores the vast, complex, and often paradoxical nature of creativity. It emphasizes how creative expression arises from both internal experiences and external realities, yet language often limits its full articulation. Creativity embodies nostalgia, cultural heritage, social realities, and universal consciousness, making it inseparable from human existence. The discussion also highlights literature’s role in uniting humanity, transcending boundaries of caste, creed, and culture, while carrying historical, philosophical, and psychological insights. At its core, creativity is an exploration of man himself—his struggles, emotions, intellect, and continuous quest for meaning—ultimately reflecting both harmony and conflict between the inner and outer worlds.
Rethinking History and Black Identity: An Examination of Toni Morrison's Paradise and Beloved through the Lens of New Historicism
History is arguably the study of human history as recorded in written records that people have left behind. However, biased, incomplete, and partial historical records and documents can leave gaps in our knowledge of the past. History is therefore incomplete. Toni Morrison has attempted to recreate history and reinterpret the world from the perspectives of experience, culture, and nationality in her historical novels. As a writer, Toni Morrison feels compelled to acknowledge the gaps in history and to rewrite it in her books. Thus, re-patterning actual and fictional materials to re-enact and reconstruct the reality of a historical past that might not otherwise be reached, becomes an irreversible task for Morrison. Morrison believes that it is necessary to rewrite history with an inventive approach in order to discover the overlooked areas. But despite their appearance as historical witnesses and quasi-documentaries, Morrison's novels portray history as narrative, sometimes skewed on purpose, sometimes fantastical. In order to better understand how Toni Morrison reframes history and examines Black identity in her books Paradise and Beloved, this article will be using the New Historicist approach as a theoretical tool in the research.
Climate Change and the Economic Development Trap: Exploring the Economic Consequences of Climate Change in Vulnerable Nations
Climate change poses significant challenges to global economic development, particularly in vulnerable nations. This research article delves into the intricate relationship between climate change and economic development, focusing on the phenomenon of the "economic development trap" experienced by many of these nations. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and empirical data, this study examines the multifaceted economic consequences of climate change, including impacts on agriculture, infrastructure, health, and labour productivity. Moreover, it explores the exacerbation of existing inequalities and vulnerabilities, as well as the potential for climate-induced migration and conflict. The article also discusses policy implications and adaptation strategies aimed at mitigating the adverse economic effects of climate change and fostering sustainable development pathways. By shedding light on these critical issues, this research contributes to a better understanding of the complex interplay between climate change and economic development and underscores the urgent need for global cooperation and action to address this pressing challenge.
From Beauty to Brutality: Interrogating Humanities under Siege in Modernist Poetry
This article attempts to explore how modernist English poetry depicts the crisis of the humanities in the wake of World War I and the disillusionment it engendered. Moving away from the traditional focus on the “beauty” and “uplifting” nature of the humanities, the article argues that modernist poets presented a bleaker vision of the humanities under siege. This article begins by establishing the historical context, highlighting the devastating impact of the war on societal values, faith, and cultural ideals. It then analyzes how poets like T.S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, and W.B. Yeats utilize various techniques—fragmentation, imagery, and symbolism— to portray the brutality inflicted upon the very essence of the humanities. Furthermore, this article examines the themes of alienation and disillusionment in modernist poetry. It explores how poets depict the erosion of traditional values, the questioning of established institutions, and the struggle to find meaning in a world shattered by war. The article also acknowledges the influence of poets like W.H. Auden, who sought to reaffirm the power of the humanities to offer solace and meaning in the face of despair. However, the primary focus remains on the dominant theme of the humanities under siege, highlighting the anxieties and uncertainties surrounding their role. By analyzing specific poems and drawing upon relevant critical frameworks, the article concludes by demonstrating how modernist poetry serves as a powerful record of the crisis of the humanities in the early 20th century, offering valuable insights into the ongoing debate about their significance in a constantly evolving world
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in Dear Ijeawele or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions (2017) provides fifteen suggestions to her childhood friend Ijeawele who seeks the advice of the writer regarding how to raise her baby girl Chizalum Adaora up a feminist. Nothing so far has been done to connect this essay with any theory. Therefore, this paper attempts to study Dear Ijeawele or a Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions (2017) from the perspective of Marxism. Here men are considered as the upper class who governs females through hegemony while women are the proletariat or lower class who believes in the ideology of the patriarchal society. It shows that Adichie wants women not to become a commodity. Rather, females must develop their own economic base as well as identity. So, this paper delves into details into the analysis Dear Ijeawele as it has deep-rooted connection with Marxist point of view..
Rethinking Science: From Evolutionary Metaphors to Mirror Reflections in Philosophy
The main question of this paper is: why have philosophers of science like Popper, Kuhn, and Hull compared the change of science over time to evolutionary theories, invoking evolutionary epistemology? Why do they use the evolutionary metaphor or analogy to describe scientific change? A historian might attribute this to the societal popularity of evolutionary theory during certain periods. However, this exploratory paper approaches the question from a philosophical and psychological perspective. Despite the clear fallacy that human beings intentionally drive changes in scientific theories, whereas evolution lacks intentionality, the evolutionary metaphor has been seriously considered by these philosophers. The application of science and technology has yielded both benefits and significant problems, creating doubts and fears about issues like climate change, atomic bombs, and pollution. Philosophers may have unconsciously sought parallels between science and nature to create a reassuring imaginary, presenting science as a robust "organism" capable of adapting to environmental challenges. Thus, the thesis is twofold: philosophers used the comparison to establish science’s distinct identity and to offer a comforting vision of its resilience.
Gendering of Space in Tea Gardens: Representation in the Fiction of Indra Sundas
There is an intersection of gender and space. Gender is shaped through the interplay of power dynamics, social structures and cultural practices. Women are the backbone of the tea garden community of Darjeeling yet they live a status of insignificance. They have been pushed to marginality since antiquity mainly because of their gender. The workspace is demarcated; they are deprived of their rightful position and also are subjected to various forms of domination. Feminists argue that women are conditioned to adhere to traditional gender norms and this seriously undermines their aspirations and freedom. Juneli Rekha (1979), and Sahara (1995) Nepali novels written by Indra Sundas bring out the plight and predicament of women in the tea gardens of Darjeeling through an array of women characters. The stories in both novels are set in fictional tea gardens during the colonial regime but can be contextualized even in the present times. It offers an insight into the gender divide, economic and social exploitation and of women of tea gardens. It also points out how traditional gendering and patriarchal prejudice have delimited women’s identity and disempowered them from becoming a voice of their own.